Tinnitus referral pathways within the National Health Service in England: a survey of their perceived effectiveness among audiology staff

Background: In the UK, audiology services deliver the majority of tinnitus patient care, but not all patients
experience the same level of service. In 2009, the Department of Health released a Good Practice Guide to inform
commissioners about key aspects of a quality tinnitus service in order to promote equity of tinnitus patient care in
UK primary care, audiology, and in specialist multi-disciplinary centres. The purpose of the present research was to
evaluate utilisation and opinions on pathways for the referral of tinnitus patients to and from English Audiology
Departments.
Methods: We surveyed all audiology staff engaged in providing tinnitus services across England. A 36-item
questionnaire was mailed to 351 clinicians in all 163 National Health Service (NHS) Trusts identified as having a
tinnitus service. 138 clinicians responded. The results presented here describe experiences and opinions of the
current patient pathways to and from the audiology tinnitus service.
Results: The most common referral pathway was from general practice to a hospital-based Ear, Nose & Throat
department and from there to a hospital-based audiology department (64%). Respondents considered the NHS
tinnitus referral process to be generally effective (67%), but expressed needs for improving GP referral and patients’
access to services. ‘Open access’ to the audiology clinic was rarely an option for patients (9%), nor was the
opportunity to access specialist counselling provided by clinical psychology (35%). To decrease the number of
inappropriate referrals, 40% of respondents called for greater awareness by referrers about the audiology tinnitus
service.
Conclusions: Respondents in the present survey were generally satisfied with the tinnitus referral system. However,
they highlighted some potential targets for service improvement including 1] faster and more appropriate referral
from GPs, to be achieved through education on tinnitus referral criteria, 2] improved access to psychological
services through audiologist training, and 3] ongoing support from tinnitus support groups, national charities, or
open access to the tinnitus clinic for existing patients.