Horizontal sound localization in cochlear implant users with a contralateral hearing aid
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Hearing Research 336 (2016) 72e82Abstract: Interaural differences in sound arrival time (ITD) and in level (ILD) enable us to localize sounds in the
horizontal plane, and can support source segregation and speech understanding in noisy environments.
It is uncertain whether these cues are also available to hearing-impaired listeners who are bimodally
fitted, i.e. with a cochlear implant (CI) and a contralateral hearing aid (HA).
Here, we assessed sound localization behavior of fourteen bimodal listeners, all using the same Phonak
HA and an Advanced Bionics CI processor, matched with respect to loudness growth. We aimed to
determine the availability and contribution of binaural (ILDs, temporal fine structure and envelope ITDs)
and monaural (loudness, spectral) cues to horizontal sound localization in bimodal listeners, by systematically
varying the frequency band, level and envelope of the stimuli.
The sound bandwidth had a strong effect on the localization bias of bimodal listeners, although
localization performance was typically poor for all conditions. Responses could be systematically
changed by adjusting the frequency range of the stimulus, or by simply switching the HA and CI on and
off. Localization responses were largely biased to one side, typically the CI side for broadband and highpass
filtered sounds, and occasionally to the HA side for low-pass filtered sounds. HA-aided thresholds
better than 45 dB HL in the frequency range of the stimulus appeared to be a prerequisite, but not a
guarantee, for the ability to indicate sound source direction.
We argue that bimodal sound localization is likely based on ILD cues, even at frequencies below
1500 Hz for which the natural ILDs are small. These cues are typically perturbed in bimodal listeners,
leading to a biased localization percept of sounds. The high accuracy of some listeners could result from a
combination of sufficient spectral overlap and loudness balance in bimodal hearing.
© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All
Interaural differences in sound arrival time (ITD) and in level (ILD) enable us to localize sounds in the
horizontal plane, and can support source segregation and speech understanding in noisy environments.
It is uncertain whether these cues are also available to hearing-impaired listeners who are bimodally
fitted, i.e. with a cochlear implant (CI) and a contralateral hearing aid (HA).
Here, we assessed sound localization behavior of fourteen bimodal listeners, all using the same Phonak
HA and an Advanced Bionics CI processor, matched with respect to loudness growth. We aimed to
determine the availability and contribution of binaural (ILDs, temporal fine structure and envelope ITDs)
and monaural (loudness, spectral) cues to horizontal sound localization in bimodal listeners, by systematically
varying the frequency band, level and envelope of the stimuli.
The sound bandwidth had a strong effect on the localization bias of bimodal listeners, although
localization performance was typically poor for all conditions. Responses could be systematically
changed by adjusting the frequency range of the stimulus, or by simply switching the HA and CI on and
off. Localization responses were largely biased to one side, typically the CI side for broadband and highpass
filtered sounds, and occasionally to the HA side for low-pass filtered sounds. HA-aided thresholds
better than 45 dB HL in the frequency range of the stimulus appeared to be a prerequisite, but not a
guarantee, for the ability to indicate sound source direction.
We argue that bimodal sound localization is likely based on ILD cues, even at frequencies below
1500 Hz for which the natural ILDs are small. These cues are typically perturbed in bimodal listeners,
leading to a biased localization percept of sounds. The high accuracy of some listeners could result from a
combination of sufficient spectral overlap and loudness balance in bimodal hearing.
© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All