000			01699nam a22001577a 4500
003			OSt
005			20151016110139.0
008			151016b xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_cNational Acoustic Laboratories
245			_aAuditory event-related potentials over medial frontal electrodesexpress both negative and positive prediction errors
520	3		_aWhile the neuronal activation in the medial frontal cortex is thought to reflect higher-order evaluationprocesses of reward prediction errors when a reward deviates from our expectation, there is increasingevidence that the medial frontal activity might express prediction errors in general. However, giventhat several studies examined the medial frontal event-related potentials (ERPs) by comparing sig-nals triggered by different stimuli and different anticipations, it remains an open question whether themedial frontal signals are sensitive to the valence of prediction errors. Here we orthogonally manipulatedexpectation magnitude (i.e., large/small expectation) and expectation confirmation (i.e., fulfilled/violatedexpectation) in a target detection task with rewards. We found that the medial frontal ERPs were morenegative-going for unexpected outcomes in comparison with expected outcomes, regardless of whethera large/small reward was expected. The result supports the idea that the medial frontal signals expressprediction errors in general regardless of their valence.
700			_aerrorsYi-Fang Hsua,
773	0		_g106 (2015) 61–67 _tBiological Psychology
856			_uhttp://dspace.nal.gov.au/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/253/Auditory%20event%20related%20potentials.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
942			_2udc _cJOURNALS
999			_c2496 _d2496